Newspaper of May 2022

Schedule of O-Level, A-Level, and IELTS Live Sessions (All subjects)

First live session; O Level Chemistry 5070

Second live session; O Level Chemistry 5070

November 04, 2020; Third live session; O Level Chemistry 5070

November 18, 2020; Fourth live session; O Level Chemistry 5070

December 2, 2020; Fifth live session; O Level Chemistry 5070

December 16, 2020; Sixth live session; O Level Chemistry 5070

January 6, 2020; 7th live session; O Level Chemistry 5070

January 20, 2021; 9th live session; O Level Chemistry 5070

February 3, 2021 (Wednesday); 10th live session; O Level Chemistry 5070

February 17, 2021 (Wednesday); 11th live session; O Level Chemistry 5070

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March 03, 2021 (Wednesday); 12th live session; O Level Chemistry 5070

March 17, 2021 (Wednesday); 13th live session; O Level Chemistry 5070

April 7, 2021 (Wednesday); 14th live session; O Level Chemistry 5070

April 21, 2021 (Wednesday); 15th live session; O Level Chemistry 5070

May 05, 2021 (Wednesday); 16th live session; O Level Chemistry 5070

May 19, 2021 (Wednesday); 17th live session; O Level Chemistry 5070

June 02, 2021 (Wednesday); 18th live session; O Level Chemistry 5070

June 16, 2021 (Wednesday); 19th live session; O Level Chemistry 5070

July 7, 2021 (Wednesday); 20th live session; O Level Chemistry 5070

August 04, 2021 (Wednesday); 21st live session; O Level Chemistry 5070

August 18, 2021 (Wednesday); 22nd live session; O Level Chemistry 5070

Live Sessions Schedule for September 2021; O Level Chemistry 5070

September 01, 2021 (Wednesday); 23rd live session; O level Chemistry 5070

September 15, 2021 (Wednesday); 24th live session; O level Chemistry 5070

Live Sessions Schedule for October 2021; O Level Chemistry 5070

October 6, 2021 (Wednesday); 25th live session; O level Chemistry 5070

October 20, 2021 (Wednesday); 26th live session; O level Chemistry 5070

Live Sessions Schedule for November 2021; O Level Chemistry 5070

November 03, 2021 (Wednesday); 27th live session; O level Chemistry 5070

Date: November 17, 2021 (Wednesday); 28th live session; O level Chemistry 5070

•Recording of 17 November 2021

Live Sessions Schedule for December 2021; O Level Chemistry 5070

December 08, 2021 (Wednesday); 29th live session; O level Chemistry 5070

December 22, 2021 (Wednesday); 30th live session; O level Chemistry 5070

Live Sessions Schedule for January 2022; O Level Chemistry 5070

January 5, 2022 (Wednesday); 31st live session; O level Chemistry 5070

Best student in today's live session (5th January, 2022): Maryam Batool

January 19, 2022 (Wednesday); 32nd live session; O level Chemistry 5070

Zia ur Rehman : Best answer

Maryam Batool : Best answer

Live Sessions Schedule for February 2022; O Level Chemistry 5070

February 02, 2022 (Wednesday); 33rd live session; O level Chemistry 5070

Hafsah Zia: Best student in Live Session on February 02, 2022 (Wednesday)

Maryam Batool: Another Best student in Live Session on February 02, 2022 (Wednesday)

February 16, 2022 (Wednesday); 34th live session; O level Chemistry 5070

Best participation in Chemistry Live Session on 16th February 2022

Live Sessions Schedule for March 2022; O Level Chemistry 5070

March 02, 2022 (Wednesday); 35th live session; O level Chemistry 5070

March 16, 2022 (Wednesday); 36th live session; O level Chemistry 5070

Live Sessions Schedule for April 2022; O Level Chemistry 5070 (plus an update)

April 06, 2022 (Wednesday); 37th live session; O Level Chemistry 5070 (plus an update)

April 20, 2022 (Wednesday); 38th live session; O Level Chemistry 5070 (plus an update)

Video Recording of Live Session: 02 May 2022 at 10:00 pm PST

Video Recording of Live Session: 03 May 2022 at 10:00 pm PST

Zoom link, and Live Sessions Schedule for May 2022; O Level Chemistry 5070 (plus an update)

Welcome Video/ User Guide: How to Use Al Nafi portal for Chemistry 5070

Total Video length of Chemistry 5070

Introduction to O Level Chemistry 5070

آئیں میتھ سیکھیں کھیل کھیل میں

Subtopic 1.1 (a): "Experimental Design"; Video 1 out of 2; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 1.1 (b): "Experimental Design"; Video 2 out of 2; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 1.2 (a) : Methods of Purification; Video 1 out of 6; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 1.2 (b) : Suitable methods of purification; Video 2 out of 6; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 1.2 (c) : Paper Chromatography and Chromatogram; Video 3 out of 6; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 1.2 (d) Chromatography of colourless compounds; Video 4 out of 6; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 1.2 (e): Deduce from given melting point and boiling point information, the identities of substances and their purity; Video 5 out of 6; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 1.2 (f): Explain that the measurement of purity in substances used in everyday life, e.g. foodstuffs and drugs, is important; Video 6 out of 6; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 1.3 (a): Use of aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia to identify the following aqueous cations: Aluminium, Ammonium, Calcium, Chromium(III), Copper(II), Iron(II), Iron(III) and Zinc; Video 1 out of 4, Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 1.3 (b): Describe tests to identify the following anions: carbonate, chloride, iodide, nitrate, sulfate and sulfite; Video 2 out of 4, Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 1.3 (c): Describe tests to identify the following gases: ammonia, carbon dioxide, chlorine, hydrogen, oxygen and sulfur dioxide; Video 3 outof 4, Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 1.3 (d): Describe a chemical test for water; Video 4 outof 4, Chemistry O Level 5070

18 MCQs of Chapter#1: Experimental Chemistry

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18 MCQs of Chapter#1: Experimental Chemistry

Notes of Chapter 1_ Experimental Chemistry_ O Level Chemistry 5070

The syllabus

How to attempt the summative assessment on the Brillium?

Start your Summative Assessment of Chapter # 1

Subtopic 2.1 (a): Kinetic Particle Theory: The solid, liquid and gaseous states of matter, and their interconversion, and the energy changes involved; Video 1 outof 5, Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 2.1 (b): Kinetic Particle Theory: Evidence for the movement of particles in liquids and gases; Video 2 outof 5, Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 2.1 (c): Kinetic Particle Theory: Everyday effects of diffusion in terms of particles ; Video 3 outof 5, Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 2.1 (d): Kinetic Particle Theory: Effect of molecular mass on the rate of diffusion, and the dependence of rate of diffusion on temperature; Video 4 out of 5, Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 2.1 (e): Kinetic Particle Theory: Effects of temperature and pressure on the volumes of gases ; Video 5 out of 5, Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 2.2 (a): Atomic Structure: Relative charges and approximate relative masses of a proton, a neutron and an electron ; Video 1 out of 6, Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 2.2 (b): Atomic Structure: Describe, with the aid of diagrams, the structure of an atom as containing protons and neutrons (nucleons) in the nucleus and electrons arranged in shells (energy levels); Video 2 out of 6, Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 2.2 (c): Atomic Structure:Define proton number and nucleon number; Video 3 out of 6, Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 2.2 (d): Atomic Structure: Interpret and use symbols such as 6-C-12; Video 4 out of 6, Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 2.2 (e): Atomic Structure: Define the term "Isotopes"; Video 5 out of 6, Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 2.2 (f): Atomic Structure: "Deduce the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons in atoms and ions from proton number and nucleon numbers"; Video 6 out of 6, Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 2.3 (a): Structure and properties of materials: "Describe the differences between elements, compounds and mixtures"; Video 1 out of 2, Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 2.3 (b): Structure and properties of materials: "Describe the formation of ions by electron loss/gain in order to obtain the electronic configuration of an inert gas"; Video 2 out of 2, Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 2.4 (a): Ionic bonding: "Describe the formation of ionic bonds between metals and non-metals, e.g. NaCl; MgCl2"; Video 1 out of 3, Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 2.4 (b): Ionic bonding:"State that ionic materials contain a giant lattice in which the ions are held by electrostatic attraction, e.g. NaCl (candidates will not be required to draw diagrams of lattices)"; Video 2 out of 3, Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 2.4 (c): Ionic bonding: "Relate the physical properties (including electrical property) of ionic compounds to their lattice structure"; Video 3 out of 3, Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 2.5 (a): Covalent bonding: "Describe the formation of a covalent bond by the sharing of a pair of electrons in order to gain the electronic configuration of an inert gas"; Video 1 out of 7, Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 2.5 (b): Covalent bonding: "Describe, using dot-and-cross diagrams, the formation of covalent bonds between non-metallic elements, e.g. H2; Cl2; O2; HCl; N2; H2 O; CH4; C2H4; CO2"; Video 2 out of 7, Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 2.5 (c): Covalent bonding: "Deduce the arrangement of electrons in other covalent molecules"; Video 3 out of 7, Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 2.5 (d): Covalent Bonding: "Relate the physical properties (including electrical properties) of covalent compounds to their structure and bonding"; Video 4 out of 7; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 2.5 (e): Covalent Bonding: "Giant and non-giant covalent solids"; Video 5 out of 7; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 2.5 (f): Covalent Bonding: "Properties of diamond and graphite such as electrical conductivity, lubricating or cutting action (candidates will not be required to draw the structures)"; Video 6 out of 7; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 2.5 (g): Covalent Bonding: "Deduce the physical and chemical properties of substances from their structures and bonding and vice versa"; Video 7 out of 7; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 2.6 (a): Metallic Bonding: "Describe metallic bonding as the electrostatic attraction between positive ions in a lattice and a ‘sea of electrons'"; Video 1 out of 2; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 2.6 (b): Metallic Bonding: "Relate the malleability of metals to their structure and the electrical conductivity of metals to the mobility of the electrons in the structure"; Video 2 out of 2; Chemistry O Level 5070

45 MCQs of Chapter#2: The Particulate Nature of Matter

75 MCQs of Chapter#2, Subtopics "Atomic Sructure" and "Chemical Bonding" (First 10 MCQs)

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The Syllabus

How to attempt the summative assessment on the Brillium? (A General Video)

Summative Assessment of Chapter Number 2: The Particulate Nature of Matter; O Level Chemistry 5070

Subtopic 3(a): "State the symbols of the elements and formulae of the compounds mentioned in the syllabus"; Video 1 out of 11; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 3(b): "Deduce the formulae of ionic compounds from the charges on the ions present and vice versa"; Video 2 out of 11; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 3(c): "Deduce the formulae of simple compounds from the relative numbers of atoms present and vice versa"; Video 3 out of 11; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 3(d): "Interpret and construct chemical equations, with state symbols, including ionic equations"; Video 4 out of 11; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 3(e): "Define relative atomic mass, Ar"; Video 5 out of 11; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 3(f): " Define relative molecular mass, Mr, and calculate relative molecular mass (and relative formula mass) as the sum of relative atomic masses"; Video 6 out of 11; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 3(g): " Calculate the percentage mass of an element in a compound when given appropriate information"; Video 7 out of 11; Chemistry O Level 5070

<<>> Subtopic 3(h): "Calculate empirical and molecular formulae from relevant data"; Video 8 out of 11; Chemistry O Level 5070

<<>> Subtopic 3(i): "Mole; Avogadro's Number; Calculate stoichiometric reacting masses; use Avogadro’s law in calculations involving gas volume; calculations involving the idea of limiting reactants may be

<<>> Subtopic 3(j): "Apply the concept of solution concentration (in mol/dm3 or g/dm3) to process the results of volumetric experiments and to solve simple problems (appropriate guidance will be provided

Subtopic 3(k): "Calculate % yield and % purity"; Video 11 out of 11; Chemistry O Level 5070

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Start the Assessment of Chapter#3 (Passing marks: 80 out of 100)

Subtopic 4(a): "Rate or Speed of reaction; Effect of concentration, pressure, particle size and temperature on the rates of reactions; Effective collisions between reacting particles"; Video 1 out of 12; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 4(b): "Define the term catalyst and describe the effect of catalysts (including enzymes) on the rates of reactions"; Video 2 out of 12; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 4(c): "Explain how pathways with lower activation energies account for the increase in rates of reactions"; Video 3 out of 12; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 4(d): "State that transition elements and their compounds act as catalysts in a range of industrial processes and that enzymes are biological catalysts"; Video 4 out of 12; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 4(e): "Suggest a suitable method for investigating the effect of a given variable on the rate of a reaction"; Video 5 out of 12; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 4(f): "Interpret data obtained from experiments concerned with rate of reaction"; Video 6 out of 12; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 4(g): "Define oxidation and reduction (redox) in terms of oxygen/hydrogen gain/loss"; Video 7 out of 12; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 4(h): "Define redox in terms of electron transfer"; Video 8 out of 12; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 4(i): "Identify redox reactions in terms of oxygen/hydrogen, and/or electron, gain/loss (calculation of oxidation numbers is not required)"; Video 9 out of 12; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 4(j): "Describe the use of aqueous potassium iodide in testing for oxidising agents and acidified potassium manganate (VII) in testing for reducing agents from the resulting colour changes"; Video 10 out of 12; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 4(k): "Describe the idea that some chemical reactions can be reversed by changing the reaction conditions"; Video 11 out of 12; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 4(l): "Describe the idea that some reversible reactions can reach dynamic equilibrium and predict and explain the effect of changing the conditions (see: Manufacturing of Ammonia)"; Video 12 out of 12; Chemistry O Level 5070

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Zeeshan_O Level Chemistry_Chapter Number 4: Chemical Reactions

Subtopic 5(a): "Describe electrolysis as the conduction of electricity by an ionic compound (an electrolyte), when molten or dissolved in water, leading to the decomposition of the electrolyte"; Video 1 out of 11; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 5(b): "Describe electrolysis as evidence for the existence of ions which are held in a lattice when solid but which are free to move when molten or in solution"; Video 2 out of 11; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 5(c): "Describe, in terms of the mobility of ions present and the electrode products, the electrolysis of molten lead bromide, using inert electrodes"; Video 3 out of 11; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 5(d): "Predict the likely products of the electrolysis of a molten compound"; Video 4 out of 11; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 5(e): "Selective discharge (reactivity or electrochemical series); the electrolysis of concentrated aqueous sodium chloride, aqueous copper(II) sulfate and dilute sulfuric acid using inert electrodes"; Video 5 out of 11; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 5(f): "Predict the likely products of the electrolysis of an aqueous electrolyte, given relevant information"; Video 6 out of 11; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 5(g): "Using reactive electrodes (rather than inert electrodes) during electrolysis of Copper (II) Sulfate and construct equations for the reactions occurring at each electrode (anode and cathode) during the electrolysis"; Video 7 out of 11; Chem

Subtopic 5(h): "Describe the electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate with copper electrodes as a means of purifying copper"; Video 8 out of 11; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 5(i): "Describe the electroplating of metals, including copper plating, and recall one use of electroplating"; Video 9 out of 11; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 5(j): "Describe the electrolysis of purified aluminium oxide dissolved in molten cryolite as the method of extraction of aluminium"; Video 10 out of 11; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 5(k): "Describe the production of electrical energy from simple cells (i.e. two electrodes in an electrolyte) linked to the reactivity series"; Video 11 out of 11; Chemistry O Level 5070

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Subtopic 6(a): "Describe the meaning of enthalpy change in terms of exothermic (∆H negative) and endothermic (∆H positive) reactions"; Video 1 out of 10; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 6(b): "Describe bond breaking as an endothermic process and bond making as an exothermic process"; Video 2 out of 10; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 6(c): " Explain overall enthalpy changes in terms of the energy changes associated with the breaking and making of covalent bonds "; Video 3 out of 10; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 6(d): " Represent energy changes by energy profile diagrams, including reaction enthalpy changes and activation energies "; Video 4 out of 10; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 6(e): "Describe combustion of fuels as exothermic, e.g. wood, coal, oil, natural gas and hydrogen"; Video 5 out of 10; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 6(f): " Name natural gas, mainly methane, and petroleum (crude oil) as sources of energy "; Video 6 out of 10; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 6(g): "Describe hydrogen, derived from water or hydrocarbons, as a fuel, reacting with oxygen to generate electricity directly in a fuel cell, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this"; Video 7 out of 10; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 6(h): "Describe petroleum (crude oil) as a mixture of hydrocarbons and its separation into useful fractions by fractional distillation"; Video 8 out of 10; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 6(i):"Name the following fractions and state their uses: (i) petrol (gasoline), (ii) naphtha, (iii) paraffin (kerosene), (iv) diesel, (v) lubricating oils; and (vi) bitumen"; Video 9 out of 10; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 6(j): "Describe photosynthesis as the reaction between carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll, using sunlight to produce glucose and explain how this can provide a renewable energy source"; Video 10 out of 10; Chemistry 5070

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Zeeshan_Chem_5070_Chapter 5_6_Electrolysis_Energy from Chemicals

Subtopic 7(a): "Describe the meanings of the terms acid and alkali in terms of the ions they contain or produce in aqueous solution and their effects on Universal Indicator paper "; Video 1 out of 22; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 7(b): "Describe how to test hydrogen ion concentration and hence relative acidity using Universal Indicator paper and the pH scale "; Video 2 out of 22; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 7(c): "Describe the characteristic properties of acids as in reactions with metals, bases and carbonates "; Video 3 out of 22; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 7(d): "Describe qualitatively the difference between strong and weak acids in terms of the extent of dissociation"; Video 4 out of 22; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 7(e): "Describe neutralization as a reaction between hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions to produce water, H+ + OH– → H2O "; Video 5 out of 22; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 7(f): "Describe the importance of controlling the pH in soils and how excess acidity can be treated using calcium hydroxide "; Video 6 out of 22; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 7(g): "Describe the characteristic properties of bases in reactions with acids and with ammonium salts"; Video 7 out of 22; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 7(h): "Classify oxides as acidic, basic or amphoteric, based on metallic/non-metallic character"; Video 8 out of 22; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 7(i): "Describe the meanings of the terms salts, hydrated, anhydrous and water of crystallisation"; Video 9 out of 22; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 7(j): "Describe the general rules of solubility for common salts"; Video 10 out of 22; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 7(k): "Describe the techniques used in the preparation, separation and purification of salts"; Video 11 out of 22; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 7(l): "Suggest a method of preparing a given salt from suitable starting materials, given appropriate information"; Video 12 out of 22; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 7(m): "State that some chemical reactions are reversible (e.g. manufacture of ammonia)"; Video 13 out of 22; Chemistry O Level 5070 (LIVE CLASS)

Subtopic 7(n): "Video answer of the last assignment in the subtopic 7(m) + Describe the use of nitrogen, from air, and hydrogen, from cracking hydrocarbons, in the manufacture of ammonia"; Video 14 out of 22; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 7(o): "Describe and explain the essential conditions for the manufacture of ammonia by the Haber process"; Video 15 out of 22; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 7(p): "Describe the displacement of ammonia from its salts and explain why adding calcium hydroxide to soil can cause the loss of nitrogen from added nitrogenous fertilizer"; Video 16 out of 22; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 7(q): "Compare nitrogen content of salts used for fertilizers by calculating percentage masses"; Video 17 out of 22; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 7(r): "Describe the use of nitrogenous fertilizers in promoting plant growth and crop yield"; Video 18 out of 22; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 7(s): "Describe eutrophication and water pollution problems caused by nitrates leaching from farm land and explain why the high solubility of nitrates increases these problems"; Video 19 out of 22; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 7(t): "Describe the manufacture of sulfuric acid from the raw materials sulfur, air and water in the contact process"; Video 20 out of 22; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 7(u): "State the use of sulfur dioxide as a bleach, in the manufacture of wood pulp for paper and as a food preservative (by killing bacteria)"; Video 21 out of 22; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 7(v): "State the uses of sulfuric acid in the manufacture of detergents and fertilizers, and as a battery acid"; Video 22 out of 22; Chemistry O Level 5070

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<> Subtopic 8(a): "Describe the Periodic Table as an arrangement of the elements in the order of increasing proton (atomic) number "; Video 1 out of 13; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 8(b): "Describe how the position of an element in the Periodic Table is related to proton number and electronic configuration"; Video 2 out of 13; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 8(c): " Explain the similarities between the elements in the same group of the Periodic Table in terms of their electronic configuration "; Video 3 out of 13; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 8(d): "Describe the relationship between group number and the ionic charge of an element "; Video 4 out of 13; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 8(e): "Describe the change from metallic to non-metallic character from left to right across a period of the Periodic Table"; Video 5 out of 13; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 8(f): "Group Properties of elements in Group I (the alkali metals) of the Periodic Table"; Video 6 out of 13; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 8(g): "Some challenging questions about elements in Group I (the alkali metals) of the Periodic Table"; Video 7 out of 13; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 8(h): "Group Properties of elements in Group VII (the halogens) of the Periodic Table"; Video 8 out of 13; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 8(i): "Group Properties of elements in Group VIII (the noble gases, also known as Group 0) of the Periodic Table"; Video 9 out of 13; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 8(j): "Group Properties of elements in Group VIII (the noble gases, also known as Group 0) of the Periodic Table"; Video 10 out of 13; Chemistry O Level 5070 << Please watch this video from 23:10 to 25:00 minutes only >>

Subtopic 8(k): "Properties of Transition Elements"; Video 11 out of 13; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 8(l): "Use of transition elements and/or their compounds as catalysts"; Video 12 out of 13; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 8(m): "Use of catalysts in industry to lower energy demands and hence they are economically advantageous and help conserve energy sources"; Video 13 out of 13; Chemistry O Level 5070

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Subtopic 9(a): "Properties of Metals; Alloys; and different properties of alloys from their constituent elements"; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 9(b): "Reactivity Series of Metals"; Chemistry O Level 5070

Solving of challenging questions and assignments made easy: Rubrics of Metals, Metal oxides and Metal carbonates; Please view the attached/downloaded PDF.

Subtopic 9(c): "Extraction of metals"; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 9(d): "Iron"; Chemistry O Level 5070

<> "Manufacture of aluminium from pure aluminium oxide dissolved in cryolite"

Subtopic 9(e): "Aluminium"; Chemistry O Level 5070

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<> "Combustion of fuels: Complete and incomplete combustions"; Chemistry O Level 5070

Subtopic 10(a): "Air"; O Level Chemistry 5070

Subtopic 10(b): "Water"; O Level Chemistry 5070

Subtoic 10(c): "Use of Oxygen: in making steel; oxygen tents in hospitals; in welding"; O Level Chemistry 5070

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Subtopic 11(a): "What is Organic Chemistry and what are Organic compounds?"; O Level Chemistry 5070

Subtopic 11(b): "What is a Homologous Series and a Funcional Group?"; O Level Chemistry 5070

Subtopic 11(c): "Naming of Organic Compounds"; O Level Chemistry 5070

Subtopic 11(d): "Petroleum and Natural Gas, whereas Naphtha fraction as the main source of hydrocarbons, thus, the feedstock for the production of a wide range of organic compounds"; O Level Chemistry 5070

Subtopic 11(e): "Issues relating to the competing uses of oil as an energy source and as a chemical feedstock"; O Level Chemistry 5070

Subtopic 11(f): "Some Challenging Questions"; O Level Chemistry 5070

Subtopic 11(g): "Alkanes"; O Level Chemistry 5070

Subtopic 11(h): "Some Challenging Questions about Alkanes"; O Level Chemistry 5070

Subtopic 11(i): "Alkenes"; O Level Chemistry 5070

Subtopic 11(j): "Some Challenging Questions about Alkenes"; O Level Chemistry 5070

Subtopic 11(k): "Alcohols, and some challenging questions about Alcohols "; O Level Chemistry 5070

Subtopic 11(l): "Carboxylic Acids"; O Level Chemistry 5070

Subtopic 11(m): "Esters"; O Level Chemistry 5070

Subtopic 11(n): "More Challenging Questions about Alkenes, Alcohols, Carboxylic Acids, and Esters"; O Level Chemistry 5070

Subtopic 11(o): "Polymers (or Macromolecules) and Addition Polymerization"; O Level Chemistry 5070

Subtopic 11(p): "Condensation Polymerization and Nylon or Polyamide Bond Formation"; O Level Chemistry 5070

Subtopic 11(q): "Terylene, Polyester and Plastics"; O Level Chemistry 5070

Subtopic 11(r): "Some Challenging Question about Addition and Condensation Polymers"; O Level Chemistry 5070

Subtopic 11(s): "Proteins, Fats and Complex Carbohydrates"; O Level Chemistry 5070

Introduction

Skill#1: Imagine the Apparatus

Skill #2: Using common sense in using prior learning

Skill #3: Avoid having the wrong apparatus

Skill #4: Do you have a sense of mass and temperature?

Skill #5: Use of the Periodic Table to find whether a given particle is a neutral atom, a cation or an anion

Skill #6: Uses of the substances having their same Origin

Skill #7: Understand the nature of chemical bond in a diagram

Skill #8: Imagine the molecular structure and bonding

Skill #9: Pick out the wrong tricky word

Skill #10: Understanding Ionic Equation and State Symbols

Skill #11: Solving simple problem of volumetric experiment

Skill #12: Performing Stoichiometric Calculation

Skill #13: Combustion Calculation

Skill #14: Special cases of Electrolysis

Skill #15: The tricky word of Chemistry

Skill #16: Reading a graph or a profile

Skill #17: Comparison of Combustion of Fuels

Skill #18: Comparison of various factors that affect the rate of reaction and yield of reaction

Skill #19: Knowledge of the Chemical Equilibrium

Skill #20: Find the nature of a substance by observation

Skill #21: Knowledge of Acids

Skill #22: Reactivity of metals, their oxides and their carbonates

Skill #23: Knowledge of Formulae, stoichiometry and the mole concept

Skill #24: Procedure of Industrial Chemical Processes

Skill #25: Commercial Use of Industrially Important Chemicals

Skill #26: Nature of an element according to its position in the Periodic Table

Skill #27: Atomic Structure, Ionic Structure and Electronic Configuration

Skill #28: Relate the properties and uses of an element (and its compounds) to its position in the Periodic Table

Skill #29: Electronic Configuration of Ions

Skill 30: Unique properties and uses of metals

Skill #31: Health, Safety, Security and Environment (HSSE)

Skill #32: Water Purification

Skill #33: Distinguish features of a homologous series

Skill #34: Using common sense rather than doing complex calculation

Skill #35: General knowledge of the end product of various reactions

Skill #36: Knowledge of the Correct Molecular structure

Skill #37: Molecular and Empirical Formula

Skill #38: Rules for naming a functional group

Skill #39: Predict the reactant from its product

Skill #40: Find the correct path and product of a reaction

What is Paper 2 of Chemistry 5070?

What is Segment 1 - Atoms and Ions?

Sample Question 1 of Segment 1: Chemical Properties of Elements of a Same Group

Sample Question 2 of Segment 1: Physical Property of Transition Elements

Sample Question 3 of Segment 1: Chemical Property of Compounds of Transition Elements

Sample Question 4 of Segment 1: Physical Property of Metallic Element

Sample Question 5 of Segment 1: Large Scale use of an Element

Sample Question 6 of Segment 1: Identify a Particle with the Correct Number of Protons as Given

Sample Question 7 of Segment 1: Identify a Particle with the Correct Number of Nucleons as given

Sample Question 8 of Segment 1: Identify a Particle with the Correct Number of Neutrons (Calculation Required)

Sample Question 9 of Segment 1: Identify a Transition Element among various other elements

Sample Question 10 of Segment 1: Prediction of Melting Point and Atomic Radius of an Element using its Group Properties

Sample Question 11 of Segment 1: Calculating total protons in various particles

Sample Question 12 of Segment 1: Finding an Oxidizing Agent from a list of various particles (That Oxidizing Agent will be used to further finding of a Reducing Agent)

Sample Question 13 of Segment 1: Identify the correct particle that has specified number of electrons

Sample Question 14 of Segment 1: When the prediction of a physical property becomes easy?

Sample Question 15 of Segment 1: When the prediction of a physical property becomes difficult or impossible, and when performing experiment is a must?

What is Segment 2 - Electronic Configuration and Electrolysis?

Sample Question 1 of Segment 2: Finding of a particle that has a specified electronic structure or a specified electronic configuration

Sample Question 2 of Segment 2: Finding the electronic structure or electronic configuration of an ion

Sample Question 3 of Segment 2: Constructing electrodes' equations (Electrolysis of molten magnesium chloride as case study)

Sample Question 4 of Segment 2: Viewing an ionic equation, and finding in it, which particle has been reduced

Sample Question 5 of Segment 2: Explanation of the flow of electrons in aqueous solutions (aqueous ammonium carbonate as a case study)

Sample Question 6 of Segment 2: Why does the aqueous solution of an electrolyte conduct electricity (aqueous Ammonium Iodide as a case study)

Sample Question 7 of Segment 2: Contents of the Electrolytic Cell (Composition of the electrolyte and of the electrodes)

Sample Question 8 of Segment 2: Constructing electrodes' equations (Electrolysis of solid-liquid solution of Aluminium Oxide at elevated temperature as case study)

Sample Question 9 of Segment 2: Finding of which particle has been oxidized in a redox reaction

What is Segment 3 - Chemistry in Laboratory?

Sample Question 1 of Segment 3: Preparation of pure crystals by following some conditions (Magnesium Chloride as case study)

Sample Question 2 of Segment 3: Prepare pure crystals, but you must follow some conditions (Aluminium Chloride as case study)

Sample Question 3 of Segment 3: Separation of oxygen, nitrogen and Argon (a noble gas) from liquid air

Sample Question 4 of Segment 3: Find the end of a chemical reaction by performing a chemical test (Ammonium Carbonate as Case Study)

Sample Question 5 of Segment 3: Test for a gas in order to find the end of a chemical reaction (Ammonium Iodide as Case Study)

Sample Question 6 of Segment 3: Test for an aqueous cation or an aqueous positive ion (Ammonium ion as case study)

Sample Question 7 of Segment 3: Test for an aqueous anion or an aqueous negative ion (Iodide ion as case study)

Sample Question 8 of Segment 3: Draw an outline (i.e. draw both the diagram and the table) for the separation of petroleum (crude oil) into various fractions

Sample Question 9 of Segment 3: How to remove lighter and denser/heavier solids from a liquid

What is Segment 4 - Metals and Transition Elements?

Sample Question 1 of Segment 4: The reason of why an alloy is much harder and less malleable than pure metal. (Molybdenum Steel as a case study)

Sample Question 2 of Segment 4: The reason of why some metals (like Al and Mg) does not react with water although they are able to react with water.

What is Segment 5 - Stoichiometry?

Sample Question 1 of Segment 5: Calculate the unknown mass of reactant, needed to make a known mass of product. (Give the answer to three significant figures)

Sample Question 2 of Segment 5: Calculating the percentage of a gas in air

Sample Question 3 of Segment 5: Using the data of two different samples of a compound, you will find the Empirical and Molecular formula of that compound.

Sample Question 4 of Segment 5: Calculate the total volume of products formed from a given mass of reactant. (No restriction of unit of physical quantity nor significant figures)

Sample Question 5 of Segment 5: Calculate the percentage of an element in a compound (Butene as a case)

Sample Question 6 of Segment 5: Calculation when a reaction does not have 100% yield (with restriction of significant figures)

Sample Question 7 of Segment 5: Find the Molecular formula of a compound by using the data of its one sample only

Sample Question 8 of Segment 5: Finding the total volume of gases, which are produced from a given mass of solid

Sample Question 9 of Segment 5: Finding the percentage by mass of an element in a cyclic compound

What is Segment 6 - Environmental Pollution?

Sample Question 1 of Segment 6: How to make a feasible environment commercially?

Sample Question 2 of Segment 6: Substances that contribute to an area-bound harmful effect on the environment

Sample Question 3 of Segment 6: Substances that contribute to a globally harmful consequence

Sample Question 4 of Segment 6: How harmful substances are added to environment?

Sample Question 5 of Segment 6: How to replace a environment-harmful practice by an environment-friendly practice?

Sample Question 6 of Segment 6: Industrial products that become part of the environment

Sample Question 7 of Segment 6: How to make green electricity?

Sample Question 8 of Segment 6: Do not rewrite or paraphrase the information present in the question.

Sample Question 9 of Segment 6: Major practices that lead to water pollution

Sample Question 10 of Segment 6: How to make water odourless and tasteless?

Sample Question 11 of Segment 6: How to disinfect water?

Sample Question 12 of Segment 6: Role of industry in acidic rain

What is Segment 7 - Chemistry of Acids and Bases?

Sample Question 1 of Segment 7: Write the specific answer of what has been asked you (the term "acid' as an example).

Sample Question 2 of Segment 7: Always answer according to the true concept (the term "weak" in weak acid as an example).

Sample Question 3 of Segment 7: Two way use of the Universal Indicator, and how to reach at the correct result from a supporting material.

Sample Question 4 of Segment 7: Comparing the nature of a strong acid and a weak acid irrespective to their dilution.

What is Segment 8 - Chemical Reactions, Equations and Equilibrium?

Sample Question 1 of Segment 8: Construct and balance equation of hydrolysis (Hydrolysis by PCl5 as an example)

Sample Question 2 of Segment 8: Construct and balance equation that shows repeating unit of a polymer as -CH2- form (Note: Of course, you must not write only CH2 or monomer in the equation)

Sample Question 3 of Segment 8: Explanation of Why reaction rate increases

Sample Question 4 of Segment 8: Relation between exothermic reactions and the concept of ∆H bond forming and to ∆H bond breaking

Sample Question 5 of Segment 8: After reading a word statement, how to construct an ionic equation including state symbols

Sample Question 6 of Segment 8: Construct ionic equations including state symbols (Another case)

Sample Question 7 of Segment 8: Explanation of the term "dynamic" in dynamic equilibrium.

Sample Question 8 of Segment 8: Prediction and explanation of what will happen if changes are brought to an equilibrium mixture

Sample Question 9 of Segment 8: Reaction of a metal with steam (Mg, for example)

Sample Question 10 of Segment 8: Reaction of a metal with cold water (Ca, for example)

Sample Question 11 of Segment 8: Construct Chemical Equation from given information

Sample Question 12 of Segment 8: Write correct formula of reactants and products; then construct the chemical equation

Sample Question 13 of Segment 8: Why a "closed system" is essential for a reversible reaction involving gases

Sample Question 14 of Segment 8: Prediction and Explanation of what happens if changes are applied to an equilibrium mixture of gases

Sample Question 15 of Segment 8: Sometimes, a very simple question is asked (for example: Reason of slowing of any chemical reaction)

What is Segment 9 - Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding?

Sample Question 1 of Segment 9: Draw Dot-and-Cross Diagram of a covalent molecule having different atoms, like PCl3

Sample Question 2 of Segment 9: Draw Dot-and-Cross diagram of a covalent molecule having same atoms, like O2

Sample Question 3 of Segment 9: Reason of why ionic solids, like ammonium carbonate, are insulators

Sample Question 4 of Segment 9: Why ionic solids, like ammonium iodide, do not conduct electricity?

Sample Question 5 of Segment 9: Solid - Liquid conversion: What does Kinetic Particle Theory tell us about conversion of solids into liquids?

Sample Question 6 of Segment 9: Liquid - Solid conversion: What does Kinetic Particle Theory tell us about conversion of liquids into solids?

Sample Question 7 of Segment 9: Relation between high melting point to structure and bonding of solids, like in SiO2

Sample Question 8 of Segment 9: Why giant covalent structures have their high melting points, like Boron?

Sample Question 9 of Segment 9: Suggest structure and bonding using given information.

Sample Question 10 of Segment 9: Reason of high melting point or high boiling point in terms of structure and bonding

LABSTER soon!

Topic#1: How To Select The Correct Measuring Apparatus

Sample Question 1: Select the correct measuring apparatus

Sample Question 2: Identify correctly the measuring apparatus

Sample Question 3: Record the correct reading of a glass apparatus when meniscus is not formed (i.e. the case of Gas Syringe)

Topic#2: Volumetric analysis: Titration

Topic#3: Indicators and their colours

Sample Question 4: Methyl Orange indicator, and its different colours

Topic#4: Methods of Purification- I

Topic#5: Methods of Purification- II

Sample Question 5: Using the data of neutralization (or titration) to perform crystallization

Topic # 6: Controlling the pH in soils: Treatment of excess acidity by using Calcium Hydroxide

Topic #7: Displacement of ammonia from its salts

Topic #8: What is Litmus Paper?

Sample Question 6: Thinking about the nature of end product of a reaction, and its confirmation by using an outsource, e.g. Litmus Paper

Topic #9: Alkenes, and chemical tests for finding Alkenes

Topic #10: Important to Memorize: Chemical Test for finding an Alkene

Topic #11: Alcohols, and Chemical tests for finding Alcohols

Topic #12: Important to Memorize: Chemical Test for finding an Alcohol

Topic #13: Carboxylic Acids, and Chemical tests for finding Carboxylic acids

Topic #14: Tests to identify the following gases: Ammonia, Carbon dioxide, Chlorine, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Sulfur dioxide

Topic #15: Important to Memorize: Two Chemical Tests for finding a Carboxylic acid

Sample Question 7: Read the Observation Table and find the correct organic compound

Sample Question 8: Complete the Observation Table for Hydrocarbons

Topic #16: Ester, and its laboratory preparation

Sample Question 9: Laboratory preparation of Ester (Production of Sweet Smell/Fragrance)

Sample Question 10: Laboratory precautions (Safety)

Topic#17: Laboratory Test for following aqueous cations: Aluminium, Ammonium, Calcium, Chromium(III), Copper(II), Iron(II), Iron(III) and Zinc

Topic#18: Laboratory Test for following anions: carbonate, chloride, iodide, nitrate, sulfate and sulfite

Topic#19: Laboratory Test to identify the following gases: ammonia, carbon dioxide, chlorine, hydrogen, oxygen and sulfur dioxide

Topic#20: Laboratory Test for water

Sample Question 11: Laboratory Tests for Anions and Cations

Sample Question 12: Plotting graph from Observation Table