Course curriculum

  • 1

    NEWSPAPER

    • August 2022 and September 2022

    • July 2022

    • June 2022
  • 2

    RECORDINGS_2022_LIVE_SESSIONS_Aug_Onwards

    • Chem_9701__1st_Live_Session_17 _August_2022
  • 3

    Contact Your Teacher

    • Contact Your Teacher
  • 4

    Live Session Schedule (All subjects)

    • Schedule of O-Level, A-Level, and IELTS Live Sessions (All subjects)
  • 5

    Link of Live Sessions (in ascending chronological order)

    • 1st Live Session; Chapter #1: Atomic Structure (AS Level); Chemistry 9701

    • November 11, 2020 (Wednesday); 2nd Live Session; AS & A Level; Chemistry 9701

    • November 25, 2020 (Wednesday); 3rd Live Session; AS & A Level; Chemistry 9701

    • December 23, 2020 (Wednesday); 4th Live Session; AS & A Level; Chemistry 9701

    • January 13, 2021 (Wednesday); 5th Live Session; AS & A Level; Chemistry 9701

    • January 27, 2021 (Wednesday); 6th Live Session; AS & A Level; Chemistry 9701

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    • February 10, 2021 (Wednesday); 7th Live Session; AS & A Level; Chemistry 9701

    • February 24, 2021 (Wednesday); 8th Live Session; AS & A Level; Chemistry 9701

    • March 10, 2021 (Wednesday); 9th Live Session; AS & A Level; Chemistry 9701

    • March 24, 2021 (Wednesday); 10th Live Session; AS & A Level; Chemistry 9701

    • April 28, 2021 (Wednesday); 11th Live Session; AS & A Level; Chemistry 9701

    • May 26, 2021 (Wednesday); 12th Live Session; AS & A Level; Chemistry 9701

    • June 9, 2021 (Wednesday); 13th Live Session; AS & A Level; Chemistry 9701

    • June 23, 2021 (Wednesday); 14th Live Session; AS & A Level; Chemistry 9701

    • August 11, 2021 (Wednesday); 15th Live Session; AS & A Level; Chemistry 9701

    • August 25, 2021 (Wednesday); 16th Live Session; AS & A Level; Chemistry 9701

    • Live Sessions Schedule for September 2021; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • ​​​​​​​​September 8, 2021 (Wednesday); 17th live session; AS/A level Chemistry 9701

    • ​​​​​​​​September 22, 2021 (Wednesday); 18th live session; AS/A level Chemistry 9701

    • Live Sessions Schedule for October 2021; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • ​​​​​​​​October 13, 2021 (Wednesday); 19th live session; AS/A level Chemistry 9701

    • ​​​​​​​​October 27, 2021 (Wednesday); 20th live session; AS/A level Chemistry 9701

    • Live Sessions Schedule for November 2021; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • ​November 10, 2021 (Wednesday); 21st live session; AS/A level Chemistry 9701

    • ​November 24, 2021 (Wednesday); 22nd live session; AS/A level Chemistry 9701

    • Live Sessions Schedule for December 2021; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • ​December 15, 2021 (Wednesday); 23rd live session; AS/A level Chemistry 9701

    • ​December 29, 2021 (Wednesday); 24th live session; AS/A level Chemistry 9701

    • Live Sessions Schedule for January 2022; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • January 12, 2022 (Wednesday); 25th live session; AS/A level Chemistry 9701

    • January 26, 2022 (Wednesday); 26th live session; AS/A level Chemistry 9701

    • Live Sessions Schedule for February 2022; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • February 09, 2022 (Wednesday); 27th live session; AS/A level Chemistry 9701

    • February 23, 2022 (Wednesday); 28th live session; AS/A level Chemistry 9701

    • Live Sessions Schedule for March 2022; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • March 09, 2022 (Wednesday); 29th live session; AS/A level Chemistry 9701

    • Live Sessions Schedule: April 2022 (all subjects)

    • Zoom link and Live Sessions Schedule for May 2022; A Level Chemistry 9701 (plus an update)

    • Zoom link, and Live Sessions Schedule for June 2022; O Level Chemistry 9701

    • Zoom link, and Live Sessions Schedule for July 2022; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Google Meet Link, and Live Sessions Schedule for August 2022 and September 2022; A Level Chemistry 9701
  • 6

    Introduction to AS-Level and A-Level Chemistry 9701

    • Introduction to AS-Level and A-Level Chemistry 9701

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  • 7

    (AS-Level Physical Chemistry) Chapter 1: "Atomic structure" (28 video lectures)

    • Total Video Length: 10 hrs. 10 min.

    • Subtopic 1.1. : "Dense nucleus, empty space, and shells in the empty space around the dense nucleus," Video 1 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.2. : "Protons, Neutrons and Electrons: Their relative charges and relative masses"; Video 2 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.3. : "Atomic number, Proton number, Mass number and Nucleon number"; Video 3 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.4. : "Distribution of mass and charge within an atom"; Video 4 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.5. : "Behaviour of beams of protons, neutrons and electrons moving at the same velocity in an electric field"; Video 5 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.6. : "Detail about Isotopes, and determine numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons present in both atoms, isotopes and ions"; Video 6 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.7. : "Particles in an atom, and Isotopes: Challenging Question#1 and Qeustion#2"; Video 7 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.8. : "Particles in an atom, and Isotopes: Challenging Question # 3"; Video 8 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.9. : "Particles in an atom, and Isotopes: Challenging Question # 4"; Video 9 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.10. : "Particles in an atom, and Isotopes: Challenging Question # 5"; Video 10 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.11. : "Simple Electronic Configuration, and Principal Quantum Shells "; Video 11 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.12. : "Ionization Energy △Hi, First Ionization Energy △Hi1, Second Ionization Energy △Hi2, and Third Ionization Energy △Hi3"; Video 12 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.13. : "Factors affecting Ionization Energy △Hi"; Video 13 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.14. : "Interpreting Successive Ionisation Energies"; Video 14 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.15. : "Subshells and Atomic orbitals"; Video 15 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.16. : "Shape of orbitals"; Video 16 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.17. : "Filling the shells and orbitals, and the Principal Quantum Number"; Video 17 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.18. : "Electronic Configuration from Hydrogen to Krypton, involving “s”, “p” and “d” sub-shells, rather than “n” only"; Video 18 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.19. : "Orbitals and the Periodic Table"; Video 19 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.20. : "Filling the orbitals, and representing the 'spin' of the electron"; Video 20 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.21. : "Electronic configuration of ions"; Video 21 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.22. : "Patterns in Ionization Energies in the Periodic Table"; Video 22 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.23. : "Electrons in atoms: Challenging Question # 1 and Question # 2"; Video 23 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.24. : "Electrons in atoms: Challenging Question # 3 and Question # 4"; Video 24 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.25. : "Electrons in atoms: Challenging Question # 5"; Video 25 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.26. : "Electrons in atoms: Challenging Question # 6"; Video 26 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.27. : "Electrons in atoms: Challenging Question # 7"; Video 27 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 1.28. : "Electrons in atoms: Challenging Question # 8"; Video 28 out of 28; A Level Chemistry 9701

    • MCQs

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  • 8

    (AS-Level Physical Chemistry) Chapter 2: "Atoms, molecules and stoichiometry" (16 video lectures)

    • Total Video Length: 9 hrs. 55 min.

    • Subtopic 2(a): "Introduction"; Video 1 out of 16; Chemistry O Level 9701

    • Subtopic 2(b):"Symbols of the elements and formulae of the compounds: Revision of O-Level Syllabus of Chemistry 5070"; Video 2 out of 16; Chemistry O Level 9701

    • Subtopic 2(c):"Formulae of simple compounds: Revision of O-Level Syllabus of Chemistry 5070"; Video 3 out of 16; Chemistry O Level 9701

    • Subtopic 2(d):"Formulae of ionic compounds: Revision of O-Level Syllabus of Chemistry 5070"; Video 4 out of 16; Chemistry O Level 9701

    • Subtopic 2(e):"Construct chemical equations, with state symbols, including ionic equations: Revision of O-Level Syllabus of Chemistry 5070"; Video 5 out of 16; Chemistry O Level 9701

    • Subtopic 2(f):"Relative atomic mass, Ar : Revision of O-Level Syllabus of Chemistry 5070"; Video 6 out of 16; Chemistry O Level 9701

    • Subtopic 2(g):"Relative molecular mass, Mr, and calculate relative molecular mass (and relative formula mass) : Revision of O-Level Syllabus of Chemistry 5070"; Video 7 out of 16; Chemistry O Level 9701

    • Subtopic 2(h):"Calculate the percentage mass of an element in a compound: Revision of O-Level Syllabus of Chemistry 5070"; Video 8 out of 16; Chemistry O Level 9701

    • Subtopic 2(i):"Calculate empirical and molecular formulae from relevant data: Revision of O-Level Syllabus of Chemistry 5070"; Video 9 out of 16; Chemistry O Level 9701

    • Subtopic 2(j):"Calculate stoichiometric reacting masses: Revision of O-Level Syllabus of Chemistry 5070"; Video 10 out of 16; Chemistry O Level 9701

    • Subtopic 2(k):"The concept of solution concentration (in mol/dm3 or g/dm3) to process the results of volumetric experiments and to solve simple problems: Revision of O-Level Syllabus of Chemistry 5070"; Video 11 out of 16; Chemistry O Level 9701

    • Subtopic 2(l):"Calculate % yield and % purity: Revision of O-Level Syllabus of Chemistry 5070"; Video 12 out of 16; Chemistry O Level 9701

    • Subtopic 2(m): "Anhydrous, hydrated and water of crystallisation: Revision of O-Level Syllabus of Chemistry 5070"; Video 13 out of 16; Chemistry O Level 9701

    • Subtopic 2(n): "Relative masses of atoms and molecules, the mole and the Avogadro constant: AS/A Level Syllabus"; Video 14 out of 16; Chemistry O Level 9701

    • Subtopic 2(o): "Formulae: AS/A Level Syllabus"; Video 15 out of 16; Chemistry O Level 9701

    • Subtopic 2(p): "Reacting masses and volumes (of solutions and gases): AS/A Level Syllabus"; Video 16 out of 16; Chemistry O Level 9701

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  • 9

    (AS-Level Physical Chemistry) Chapter 3: "Chemical Bonding" (28 video lectures)

    • Total Video Length: 11 hrs. 15 min.

    • Subtopic 3(a):"Define ionic bonding as the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions (positively charged cations and negatively charged anions)"; Video 1 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(b):" Use dot-and-cross diagrams to illustrate ionic bonding"; Video 2 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(c):"Describe ionic bonding including the examples of NaCl, MgO, CaCl2 and CaF2"; Video 3 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(d):"Define covalent bonding as electrostatic attraction between the nuclei of two atoms and a shared pair of electrons, including examples of H2, O2, H2O, N2, Cl2, HCl, CO2, NH3, CH4 and C2H6"; Video 4 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(e): "Understand that elements in period 3 can expand their octet including in the compounds sulfur dioxide, SO2, phosphorus pentachloride, PCl5, and sulfur hexafluoride, SF6"; Video 5 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(f): "Describe coordinate (dative covalent) bonding, including in the reaction between ammonia and hydrogen chloride gases to form the ammonium ion, NH4+, and in the Al2Cl6 molecule"; Video 6 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(g): "Describe covalent bonds in terms of orbital overlap giving σ (direct overlap) and π bonds (sideways overlap); Video 7 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(h): "Describe how the σ and π bonds form in molecules including H2, C2H6, C2H4, HCN and N2"; Video 8 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(i): "Use the concept of hybridisation to describe sp, sp2 and sp3 orbitals"; Video 9 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(j): "The concepts of Bond Energy and Bond Length"; Video 10 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(k): "Use bond energy values and the concept of bond length to compare the reactivity of covalent molecules"; Video 11 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(l): "The VSEPR Theory"; Video 12 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(m): “State and explain the shapes of, and bond angles in, molecules by using the VSEPR Theory, including as simple examples: BF3, CO2, CH4, NH3, H2O, SF6, PF5”; Video 13 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(n): “Predict the shapes of, and bond angles in, molecules and ions analogous to BF3, CO2, CH4, NH3, H2O, SF6, PF5”; Video 14 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(o):“Define electronegativity as the power of an atom to attract electrons to itself”; Video 15 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(p):“Explain the factors influencing the electronegativities of the elements in terms of nuclear charge, atomic radius and shielding by inner shells and sub-shells”; Video 16 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(q):“State and explain the trends in electronegativity across a period and down a group of the Periodic Table”; Video 17 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(r):“Use the concept of electronegativity to explain bond polarity and dipole moments of molecules”; Video 18 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(s):“Use the differences in Pauling electronegativity values to predict the formation of ionic and covalent bonds”; Video 19 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(t):“Metallic Bonding”; Video 20 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(u):“Intermolecular Forces or Van Der Waals' Forces”; Video 21 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(v):“Instantaneous Dipole - Induced Dipole (id-id) forces or London Dispersion Forces”; Video 22 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(w): "Permanent Dipole - Permanent Dipole (pd-pd) forces”; Video 23 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(x): "Hydrogen bonding and understand that it is a special case of permanent dipole–permanent dipole (pd-pd) force between molecules where hydrogen is bonded to a highly electronegative atom"; Video 24 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(y): "The effect and importance of hydrogen bonding in water and ice"; Video 25 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(z): "Challenging Questions 1, 2 and 3 related to the Chemical Bonding"; Video 26 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(aa): "Challenging Questions 4, 5 and 6 related to the Chemical Bonding"; Video 27 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 3(ab): "Challenging Questions 7, 8 and 9 related to the Chemical Bonding"; Video 28 out of 28; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

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  • 10

    (AS-Level Physical Chemistry) Chapter 4: "States of matter" (9 video lectures)

    • Total Video Length: 3 hrs. 35 min.

    • Subtopic 4(a): "Explain the origin of pressure in a gas in terms of collisions between gas molecules and the wall of the container"; Video 1 out of 9; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 4(b): "Calculations for ideal gases that have zero particle volume and no intermolecular forces of attraction using the ideal gas equation pV=nRT "; Video 2 out of 9; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 4(c): "Calculating relative molecular mass, Mr"; Video 3 out of 9; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 4(d): "Describe, in simple terms, the lattice structure of a crystalline solid which is giant ionic, including sodium chloride and magnesium oxide"; Video 4 out of 9; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 4(e): "Describe, in simple terms, the lattice structure of a crystalline solid which is simple molecular, including iodine, buckminsterfullerene C60 and ice"; Video 5 out of 9; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 4(f): "Describe, in simple terms, the lattice structure of a crystalline solid which is giant molecular, including silicon (IV) oxide, graphite and diamond"; Video 6 out of 9; Chemistry AS/A Level 970

    • Subtopic 4(g): "Describe, in simple terms, the lattice structure of a crystalline solid which is giant metallic, including copper"; Video 7 out of 9; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 4(h): "Describe, interpret and predict the effect of different types of structure and bonding on the physical properties of substances"; Video 8 out of 9; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 4(i): "Challenging Questions"; Video 9 out of 9; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

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  • 11

    (AS-Level Physical Chemistry) Chapter 5: "Chemical Energetics" (11 video lectures)

    • Total Video Length: 5 hrs.

    • Subtopic 5(a): "Understand that chemical reactions are accompanied by enthalpy changes and these changes can be exothermic (ΔH is negative) or endothermic (ΔH is positive); and Construct and interpret a reaction pathway diagram"; AS/ALevel Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 5(b): "Measuring Enthalpy changes during combustion"; AS/A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 5(c): “Standard conditions (⦵), Enthalpy change with particular reference to: Reaction, ΔH r , Formation, ΔH f, Combustion, ΔH c , Neutralisation, ΔH neut”; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 5 (d): Revision Video #1 from O level 5070: "Describe the meaning of enthalpy change in terms of exothermic (∆H negative) and endothermic (∆H positive) reactions”

    • Subtopic 5 (e): Revision Video #2 from O level 5070: "Describe bond breaking as an endothermic process and bond making as an exothermic process”

    • Subtopic 5 (f): Revision Video #3 from O level 5070: "Explain overall enthalpy changes in terms of the energy changes associated with the breaking and making of covalent bonds"

    • Subtopic 5(g): Revision Video #4 from Olevel 5070: "Represent energy changes by energy profile diagrams, including reaction enthalpy changes and activation energies "

    • Subtopic 5(h): “Calculate enthalpy changes from appropriate experimental results, including the use of the relationships q = mcΔT and ΔH = –mcΔT”; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 5(i): “Apply Hess’s Law to construct simple energy cycles”; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701

    • Subtopic 5(j): “Apply Hess’s Law to determine enthalpy changes that cannot be found by direct experiment”; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701 (Please see below for getting the hint for Assignment of Q#9)

    • Subtopic 5(k): “Carry out calculations using cycles and relevant energy terms, including use of bond energy data”; Chemistry AS/A Level 9701 (Please see below for getting the hint for solving Q#11)

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  • 12

    (AS-Level Physical Chemistry) Chapter 6: "Electrochemistry" (14 video lectures)

    • Total Video Length: 5 hrs. 35 min.

    • Introduction to the syllabus, followed by 8 Revision Videos from O Level about the terms like redox, oxidation, reduction, oxidation number, oxidising agent, reducing agent and Roman numeral to indicate the magnitude of the oxidation number of an element

    • O Level's Revision Lecture # 1: "Use of aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia to identify the following aqueous cations: Aluminium, Ammonium, Calcium, Chromium(III), Copper(II), Iron(II), Iron(III) and Zinc"

    • O Level's Revision Lecture # 2: "Describe tests to identify the following anions: carbonate, chloride, iodide, nitrate, sulfate and sulfite"

    • O Level's Revision Lecture # 3: "Describe the formation of ionic bonds between metals and non-metals, e.g. NaCl; MgCl2"

    • O Level's Revision Lecture # 4: "State that ionic materials contain a giant lattice in which the ions are held by electrostatic attraction, e.g. NaCl (candidates will not be required to draw diagrams of lattices)"

    • O Level's Revision Lecture # 5: "Define oxidation and reduction (redox) in terms of oxygen/hydrogen gain/loss"

    • O Level's Revision Lecture # 6: "Define redox in terms of electron transfer"

    • O Level's Revision Lecture # 7: "Identify redox reactions in terms of oxygen/hydrogen, and/or electron, gain/loss (calculation of oxidation numbers is not required)"

    • O Level's Revision Lecture # 8: "Describe the use of aqueous potassium iodide in testing for oxidising agents and acidified potassium manganate (VII) in testing for reducing agents from the resulting colour changes"

    • Subtopic 6(a): "Explain and use the terms redox, oxidation, reduction and disproportionation in terms of electron transfer and changes in oxidation number"; AS/A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 6(b): "Calculate oxidation numbers of elements in compounds and ions"; AS/A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 6(c): "Explain and use the terms oxidising agent and reducing agent"; AS/A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 6(d): "Use a Roman numeral to indicate the magnitude of the oxidation number of an element"; AS/A Level Chemistry 9701

    • Subtopic 6(e): "Use changes in oxidation numbers to help balance chemical equations"; AS/A Level Chemistry 9701

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  • 13

    (AS-Level Physical Chemistry) Chapter 7: "Equilibria" (20 video lectures)

    • Total Video Length: 9 hrs. 5 min.

    • Revision Video #1 of O level: "Describe the meanings of the terms acid and alkali in terms of the ions they contain or produce in aqueous solution and their effects on Universal Indicator paper "

    • Revision Video #2 of O level: "Describe how to test hydrogen ion concentration and hence relative acidity using Universal Indicator paper and the pH scale"

    • Revision Video #3 of O level: "Describe the characteristic properties of acids as in reactions with metals, bases and carbonates"

    • Revision Video #4 of O level: "Describe qualitatively the difference between strong and weak acids in terms of the extent of dissociation"

    • Revision Video #5 of O level: "Describe neutralization as a reaction between hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions to produce water, H+ + OH– → H2O"

    • Revision Video #6 of O level: "Describe the characteristic properties of bases in reactions with acids and with ammonium salts"

    • Revision Video #7 of O level: "Classify oxides as acidic, basic or amphoteric, based on metallic/non-metallic character"

    • Revision Video #8 of O level: "Describe the meanings of the terms salts, hydrated, anhydrous and water of crystallisation"

    • Revision Video #9 of O level: "State that some chemical reactions are reversible (e.g. manufacture of ammonia)"; (LIVE CLASS)

    • Revision Video #10 of O level: "Describe and explain the essential conditions for the manufacture of ammonia by the Haber process"

    • Revision Video #11 of O level: "Describe the manufacture of sulfuric acid from the raw materials sulfur, air and water in the contact process"

    • (i) Reversible reactions, (ii) Dynamic equilibrium, (iii) Le Chatelier's Principle; and (iv) Study the effect of changes in concentration or pressure, or the presence of a catalyst on value of the equilibrium constant for reversible reactions

    • (i) Equilibrium expressions, (ii) Equilibrium constant, Kc; and (iii) Some examples of equilibrium calculations

    • (i) Equilibrium constant and concentration changes, (ii) Equilibrium constant and pressure changes; and (i) Equilibrium constant and temperature changes

    • (i) The terms - "mole fraction" and "partial pressure", (ii) Expressions for equilibrium constants in terms of partial pressures, i.e. Kp; and (iii) Calculate the quantities present at equilibrium

    • The conditions used in the Haber process and the Contact process, as examples of the importance of an understanding of dynamic equilibrium in the chemical industry and the application of Le Chatelier’s principle

    • Brønsted–Lowry theory of acids and bases

    • pH meter and conductivity meter

    • pH titration curves and the selection criteria of suitable indicators for acid-alkali titrations

    • 9 (Nine) Challenging Questions of Chapter # 7 - Equilibria

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  • 14

    (AS-Level Physical Chemistry) Chapter 8: "Reaction Kinetics" (10 video lectures)

    • Total Video Length: 4 hrs. 35 min.

    • Revision Lecture #1 of O Level: "Rate or Speed of reaction; Effect of concentration, pressure, particle size and temperature on the rates of reactions; Effective collisions between reacting particles"

    • Revision Lecture #2 of O Level: "Define the term catalyst and describe the effect of catalysts (including enzymes) on the rates of reactions"

    • Revision Lecture #3 of O Level: "Explain how pathways with lower activation energies account for the increase in rates of reactions"

    • Revision Lecture #4 of O Level: "State that transition elements and their compounds act as catalysts in a range of industrial processes and that enzymes are biological catalysts"

    • Revision Lecture #5 of O Level: "Suggest a suitable method for investigating the effect of a given variable on the rate of a reaction"

    • Revision Lecture #6 of O Level: "Interpret data obtained from experiments concerned with rate of reaction"

    • (i) Rate of Reaction, (ii) Collision theory, (iii) Role of Catalyst; and (iv) Activation energy

    • (i) Effect of concentration on reaction rates according to collision theory, and (ii) Effect of temperature on reaction rates and the Boltzmann distribution

    • (i) Homogeneous catalysts, (ii) Heterogeneous catalysts; and (iii) Enzymes

    • Four (4) Challenging Questions of Chapter #8: Reaction Kinetics
  • 15

    (AS-Level Inorganic Chemistry) Chapter 9: "The Periodic Table: Chemical Periodicity" (14 video lectures)

    • Revision Lecture #1 of O Level: "Describe the Periodic Table as an arrangement of the elements in the order of increasing proton (atomic) number "

    • Revision Lecture #2 of O Level: "Describe how the position of an element in the Periodic Table is related to proton number and electronic configuration"

    • Revision Lecture #3 of O Level: " Explain the similarities between the elements in the same group of the Periodic Table in terms of their electronic configuration"

    • Revision Lecture #4 of O Level: "Describe the relationship between group number and the ionic charge of an element"

    • Revision Lecture #5 of O Level: "Describe the change from metallic to non-metallic character from left to right across a period of the Periodic Table"

    • Revision Lecture #6 of O Level: "Group Properties of elements in Group I (the alkali metals) of the Periodic Table"

    • Revision Lecture #7 of O Level: "Some challenging questions about elements in Group I (the alkali metals) of the Periodic Table"

    • AS Level Foundation Lecture #1: "Describe qualitatively (and indicate the periodicity in) the variations in atomic radius and ionic radiusof the elements"; AS Level Chemistry 9701

    • AS Level Foundation Lecture #2: "A challenging question about periodicity of elements: Variations in atomic radius and ionic radius of Period 2 and Period 3 elements"

    • AS Level Foundation Lecture #3: "Variation (Periodicity pattern) of Melting point and Electrical Conductivity in Group 3 elements"

    • AS Level Foundation Lecture #4: "Variation (Periodicity pattern) of First Ionization Energy among Period 3 elements"

    • Subtopic 9.1. : Periodicity of PHYSICAL properties of the elements in Period 3

    • Subtopic 9.2. : Periodicity of CHEMICAL properties of the elements in Period 3

    • Subtopic 9.3. : Chemical periodicity of other elements